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Ice Boat No. 3
''City Ice Boat No. 3'', commonly known as ''Ice Boat No. 3'' or just ''No. 3'', was a municipal sidewheel icebreaker built in 1873 to assist in keeping Philadelphia's waterways free of ice during the winter months. The vessel was also used for occasional excursions and other duties through the rest of the year.
During the Spanish–American War, ''Ice Boat No. 3'' was briefly commissioned into the U.S. Navy as the coastal patrol vessel USS ''Arctic'', before returning to her normal duties under her original name. ''Ice Boat No. 3'' was sunk in a collision with an underwater obstruction in February 1905.
== Construction and design ==
In the early 1870s, the City of Philadelphia decided that its two existing icebreakers were not sufficient to keep Philadelphia's waterways free of ice, and that a third would be required. Accordingly, the council ordered a new vessel from the recently established iron shipbuilding firm of Wood, Dialogue & Co. of Camden, New Jersey. The new boat, an iron-hulled sidewheel icebreaker named ''City Ice Boat No. 3'',〔 cost $245,000〔 and was launched at Kaighn's Point, New Jersey, on 5 November 1873.〔Childs, (p. 25 ).〕
''City Ice Boat No.3'' had a length of 201 feet 6 inches, a beam of 33 feet 5 inches and a draft of 13 feet 6 inches.〔 She had a gross register tonnage of 637.2 tons (326.42 tons net)〔United States Govt. 1885, (p. 314 ).〕 and a displacement of 1,537 tons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Arctic )〕 Photos taken during the vessel's naval service indicate that she was a double-ender, with a smaller pilothouse astern. Her powerplant—a steam engine of the horizontal direct-acting type〔Silverstone, (p. 76 ).〕—was rated at a nominal horsepower of 500.〔 It is not known what icebreaking features were incorporated into her design, but she is known to have been capable of making unusually sharp turns.〔 She was the largest of the city's three icebreakers, the only one with an electric generating plant and electric lighting, and throughout her career was considered the best of the three.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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